In response to physical stimuli, these molecules can initiate signal transduction, modulate the intracellular ion concentration (e.g., calcium, sodium, and chloride), influence cellular tension, volume, and shape, and trigger transcriptional changes, thereby contributing to therapeutic resistance and mediating profound changes in cellular functions, including division, and migration (see sections below)
The emergence of drug resistance significantly reduces the survival rates of HGSOC patients, particularly following recurrence, where patient prognosis is generally poor
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Many of the beneficial and anti-aging effects of NAD + precursor administration could be due to NAD + acting as a signaling molecule to activate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt ) (Mouchiroud et al., 2013)