Accelerates wound healing for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
Once there, they may encourage the growth of new brain cells, adjust chemical signals between neurons, or help guard existing cells from harm
For microbiome imbalances, LL-37 offers targeted antimicrobial support
Additionally, SPAE modulated the expression of key genes involved in oxidative stress response ( Nrf2 , SOD2 ), apoptosis ( Bax , Bcl-2 ), lipid metabolism ( PPAR- ), and DNA damage ( p53 ), further supporting its protective role at the molecular level
Definition and Role as a Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Glutathione is a tripeptide made of three amino acidscysteine, glycine, and glutaminethat neutralizes free radicals and detoxifies harmful substances in cells