l carnitine and alcohol interaction L-Carnitine | Linus Pauling Institute Carnitine: Genetic Variants Affecting Mitochondrial

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Gastrin (increased in PA) c

Vitamin B6, in the form of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, is the cofactor for 5 enzymes in the -glutamyl cycle and trans-sulphuration pathway: cystathionine -synthase, cystathione -lyase, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase and glycine decarboxylase in the mitochondria

If Phase 2 capacity is insufficient relative to Phase 1 activity, toxin clearance is impaired and symptom burden may increase rather than resolve

Saitoh M, Nishitoh H, Fujii M, Takeda K, Tobiume K, Sawada Y, Kawabata M, Miyazono K, Ichijo H (1998) Mammalian thioredoxin is a direct inhibitor of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) 1