many clients report feeling energized shortly after
Arch Dermatol Res
The peptide's safety profile has been established through extensive animal studies and human clinical trials, with minimal side effects reported even during long-term administration protocols extending multiple years
Up to 1:1 Cu(II):octarepeat molar ratio, this region binds a single Cu(II) ion by four imidazole sidechains of His residues, from 1:1 to 2:1 Cu(II):octarepeat molar ratio, each Cu(II) ion is coordinated by two His sidechains and two amide nitrogens 27 , and possibly an additional carbonyl oxygen 24,25 , where starting from above 2:1 Cu(II):octarepeat molar ratio each His sidechain starts to coordinate a single Cu(II) ion with two amide nitrogen and one carbonyl, from the neighboring Gly, binds a single Cu(II) ion 24,25
The sprays are based on aqueous solutions of the anti-helminthic drug niclosamide, a drug with relatively low water solubility at pH 7 (and hence prohibitively low bioavailability)