Normal serum levels may be found in cases of deficiency where myeloproliferative disorders, liver disease, transcobalamin II, or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth are present
J Neurophysiol 2009
Lipotropic injections are inappropriate or require careful evaluation in patients with known allergies to any component, uncontrolled medical conditions, significant renal or hepatic impairment, B12-related disorders, or pregnancy and breastfeeding
Furthermore, flies harboring a global null mutation of Ube3a exhibited significant circadian deficits, supporting the notion that Ube3a is an integral component of the Drosophila circadian clock (Wu et al., 2008)
Injections that rely on prescription medications are sometimes the exception to this rule, but patients who fail to modify their diet and exercise regimen tend to quickly regain weight when they stop receiving the injections