Deficiency after gastric banding is therefore primarily related to: Reduced dietary intake and food tolerance , limiting consumption of B12-rich foods Use of acid-suppressing medicines (PPIs or H2RAs) , which can impair the release of B12 from food proteins and reduce absorption of food-bound B12 Crystalline B12 the form found in supplements and fortified foods does not require acid or pepsin for release
We believe that the successful performance of these techniques lies in the details
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Giving a vitamin B12 supplement to a healthy dog who is eating a nutritionally complete and balanced dog food is usually not necessary, but its also unlikely to be dangerous
Technical References and Primary Literature M Heffernan 1, R J Summers, A Thorburn, E Ogru, R Gianello, W J Jiang, F M Ng