For all samples, their 2D 13 C- 1 H HSQC and 2D 1 H- 1 H TOCSY spectra were processed and uploaded to the COLMARq web server for metabolite identification and quantification as previously described (8)
This accumulation is mediated by plasmalemmal transporters predominantly expressed in glial cell, such as divalent metal transporter 1 DMT1/SLC11A2 or zinc transporter ZIP14/SLC39A14, 374,375 which both transport Fe 2+ (ferrous), whereas Fe 3+ (ferric) is accumulated through transferrin receptors
Individuals with defective carnitine transport have poor intestinal absorption of dietary L-carnitine, impaired L-carnitine reabsorption by the kidneys (i.e., increased urinary loss of L-carnitine), and defective L-carnitine uptake by muscles (4)
Several factors have been suggested to affect ROS levels in cells, including hypoxia, ER stress, metabolic alteration, and oncogenes [3]
Narunsky-Haziza L, Sepich-Poore GD, Livyatan I, Asraf O, Martino C, Nejman D, et al