All of this was explained to me when I met two representatives of the MHRA two years ago, (their offices, incidentally are a nightmare for vertigo sufferers like me its all wall to wall glass even the floors)
Choline is an essential nutrient that functions as a structural component of cell membranes, a methyl group donor in metabolic reactions, and a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
Over a 20-year period, they found 22 people who had melanoma in the sinuses, and only eight people who had melanoma in the mouth
FOR WRINKLES & DARK CIRCLES
Moreover, in mice we observed that chronic l-carnitine supplementation resulted in markedly elevated plasma BB levels (more so than l-carnitine or TMAO), and it was the first step of the overall gut microbial catabolic pathway (i.e., l-carnitineBB) that was induced in mice following chronic l-carnitine dietary exposure (26)