Besides the amyloidogenic proteins, several other proteins have also been shown to be able to punch holes in mitochondria through interaction with cardiolipin, including members of the Bcl-2 family, cobra venom cardiotoxins and bacterial toxins ( Pyroptosis is a cell death program that involves disruption of the plasma membrane and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the external milieu
Oxidative stress causes mtDNA damage mtDNA is mainly located in the mitochondrial matrix, which can be damaged by oxidative stress via either direct or indirect manners
ACS Nano 16 , 999410041 (2022)
Lipshultz et al, 2017) and which causes direct oocyte toxicity, ovarian toxicity and infertility in mice (Ben-Aharon et al, 2010
This trial, referred to as the Gold Coast RCT, stopped early after enrolling 26 patients and showed a reduction in pain levels measured by a visual analog scale