At the adipose tissue level, the combined GIP and GLP-1 agonism reduces M1 macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as leptin, increases adiponectin, and enhances insulin sensitivity, thereby improving adipocyte dysfunction.39 GIP additionally increases the storage capacity of adipose tissue, which lowers the likelihood of ectopic fat deposition and reduces the extent of visceral fat.1,5,39 Furthermore, it has demonstrated neuroprotective effects and promotes bone formation1 (Table 2)
Among these genes, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicates two significantly enriched gene clusters: (1) cell cycle and mitosis and (2) DNA damage response and repair (Supplemental Table 4)
Peptide calculator (interactive widget) Inputs: Peptide mass in the vial: 5 mg (pre-filled) Reconstitution water volume: slider 15 ml Target dose in the study protocol (mg), typically 0.3 / 0.6 / 1.2 / 2.4 / 4.5 mg according to Lau 2021 and REDEFINE protocols Outputs: Concentration: __ mg/ml Volume per dose: __ ml Visualization of the insulin syringe: __ IU (on a 100 IU scale) Example (REDEFINE 1 CagriSema dose 2.4 mg): 5 mg + 2 ml BAC = 2.5 mg/ml = 2500 g/ml
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