Any disruptionLow stomach acid (hypochlorhydria), parietal cell loss (atrophic gastritis), IF deficiency (pernicious anemia), or ileal disease (Crohns)can compromise absorption, leading to deficiency risk
The Cochrane review also underscored the need to include a measurement of the quality of life as an outcome, and patient preference at the time of prescribing treatment
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Early pharmacology work described it as a selective growth-hormone secretagogue, with GH release and little ACTH or cortisol signal in the foundational studies
Because hypoglycemic events may be difficult to recognize in some elderly patients, antidiabetic agent regimens should be carefully managed to obviate an increased risk of severe hypoglycemia