This case underscores the necessity of a coordinated effort among dermatologists, endocrinologists, and rheumatologists for effective AF treatment, illustrating the critical role of timely diagnosis and comprehensive care in managing this rare and challenging condition
However, the active development of the microfluidic BBB systems in recent years demonstrates the potential of these models for a variety of research tasks ( Cell aggregate models or spheroid models consist of endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes, which are able to self-organize into spherical structures with astrocyte core, surrounded by pericytes and covered with endothelial cells (Urich et al., 2013)
doi:10.3390/biomedicines9111547
This growing clinical challenge highlights the urgent need for structured strategies, including risk stratification, tailored dose titration, and multidisciplinary care, to balance metabolic efficacy with gastrointestinal tolerability
95% CI, 0.300.43)