A prospective proof-of-concept study by Nicolau et al 19 found that liraglutide treatment for three months resulted in a decrease in BMI (from 39.3 to 35.6 kg/m 2 ), waist circumference (from 121.3 to 110.6 cm), mean Hurley stage (from 2.6 to 1.1), DLQI (from 12.3 to 9.7), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (from 22 to 16.7), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain (from 5.6 to 3.2), as well as a decrease in inflammatory markers such as CRP (from 4.5 to 3 mg/dL), homocysteine (from 16.2 to 13.3 mol/L), plasma morning cortisol (from 15.9 to 12.6 g/dL), and insulin (from 18.9 to 15.7 U/mL)
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide composed of three amino acids: glycine, histidine, and lysine
There is no established pharmacological mechanism by which GLP-1 receptor activation would directly cause muscle pain or damage
doi: 10.3390/cancers12113274
At present, no analgesic drugs, including NSAIDs, are approved to alleviate lameness-associated pain in lactating dairy cattle in USA 59
