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Think of it as a chain of command

They are administered into the muscle (typically the gluteus or deltoid) and directly into the bloodstream

Abbreviations 1 H-MRS: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase ALT: alanine aminotransferase AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase apoB100: apolipoprotein B100 AST: aspartate aminotransferase AUROC: area under receiver operator characteristic BARD score: BMI, AST/ALT ratio, Diabetes BMI: body mass index BSH: bile salt hydrolase CAP: controlled attenuation parameter ChREBP: carbohydrate regulatory element binding protein DNL: de novo lipogenesis EASL: European Association for the Study of Liver EBMT: endoscopic bariatric and metabolic treatment ELF: enhanced liver fibrosis score FAS: fatty acid synthase FFA: free fatty acid FGF: fibroblast growth factor FXR: farnesoid x receptor GH: growth hormone GI: gastrointestinal GIP: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide GLP1: glucagon like peptide 1 GLP1-Ras: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist GLUT4: glucose transporter 4 HDL: high-density lipoprotein HTGC: hepatic triglyceride content IGF1: insulin-like growth factor-1 IR: insulin resistance LSM: liver stiffness measurement MAFLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease MRE: magnetic resonance elastography MRI-PDFF: magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction MTTP: microsomal triglyceride transfer protein NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NF-B: nuclear factor kappa B PLNPLA3: patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor RBP4: retinol-binding protein 4 ROS: reactive oxygen species SAF: steatosis, activity, and fibrosis SCFA: short-chain fatty acid SGLT2i: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor SREBP1c: sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus TIMP1: tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 TM6SF2: transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 USG: B-mode ultrasonography VCTE: vibration-controlled transient elastography VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein Declarations Acknowledgement None

Being aware of these factors helps you interpret weight changes more accurately and maintain motivation

Glucagon receptor The unique third lever raises basal energy expenditure so you burn more calories at rest