It accumulates as unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA) and competes with active folates for receptors. Conversion between the two active forms is unreliable : it requires multiple enzymes (MTR, MTRR, SHMT, MTHFR, MTHFS) all working properly, and is easily blocked by low glutathione, B12 deficiency, heavy metals, or oxidative stress
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1 microgram (g) of food folate provides 1 g of DFEs 1 g of folic acid taken with meals or as fortified food provides 1.7 g of DFEs 1 g of folic acid (supplement) taken on an empty stomach provides 2 g of DFEs For example, a serving of food containing 60 g of folate would provide 60 g of DFEs, while a serving of pasta fortified with 60 g of folic acid would provide 1.7 x 60 = 102 g of DFEs due to the higher bioavailability of folic acid
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Vegetarians/vegans must synthesize virtually all creatine, placing much greater demand on SAM. Phosphatidylcholine production (~30%) : Every cell membrane requires it