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Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released from necrotic cardiomyocytes (including HMGB1, mitochondrial DNA, and fibronectin), activate innate immune pathways, such as neutrophil recruitment, adhesion, and trans endothelial migration [154, 155]

These divergent effects appear to be modulated by multiple factors, including treatment duration, drug concentration, cancer type, and patient-specific parameters such as genetic background and comorbidities [9, 19]

The alterations make Ozempic resistant to enzymatic breakdown by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), which normally degrades native GLP-1 rapidly

2 Kratoms effects are primarily mediated through mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, which act as agonists at the -opioid receptors

J Korean Endocr Soc 2006;21:43747.Article 5