However, off-label use fueled by celebrities and social media is a growing concern
The side effect profiles also differ between oral and injectable forms
A 2025 Vanderbilt study (Sharma RK et al, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , PMID 40407186) measured facial volume in 20 patients on GLP-1 medications using CT and MRI imaging and documented a median 9% decrease in total midfacial volume (interquartile range 3% to 14%), with linear regression showing approximately 7% loss of midfacial volume per 10 kg of weight loss
During follow-up, 76 adults in the GLP-1 group and 184 in the DPP-IV group were diagnosed with thyroid cancer
Studies are exploring whether GLP-3 might enhance insulin sensitivity through mechanisms distinct from GLP-1s primary effects on insulin secretion, offer benefits for patients who dont respond optimally to GLP-1 agonists, provide complementary effects when used alongside other treatments, or address specific aspects of metabolic dysfunction in diabetes