By binding directly to IGF-1 receptors on muscle cells, IGF-1 LR3 activates downstream anabolic pathways including PI3K/Akt and MAPK signalingpromoting protein synthesis, glucose uptake, cellular proliferation, and satellite cell activation
For instance, dietary recommendations could prioritize high-fiber, low-saturated fat diets, while exercise prescriptions might focus on moderate-intensity aerobic activities, complemented by the use of probiotics
Moreover, GLP-1 resistance, a condition in which patients fail to respond adequately to GLP-1 RAs, may be linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis, further emphasising the importance of microbiota composition in treatment efficacy [84]
Can spirulina replace a meal
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 300:E1038E1046