They often contain key ingredients such as glutathione, vitamin C, alpha-arbutin, kojic acid, and other antioxidants, which have been recognized for their skin brightening properties
This is consistent with how these medications work in clinical settings
Effect of combined treatment with alpha-Lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine on vascular function and blood pressure in patients with coronary artery disease
They work by mimicking a hormone that regulates blood sugar and appetite, helping patients feel full longer and eat less
Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M570745 and 2016T90815), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2016A030310229), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81602634), and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health (ZIA EB000073)