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In UK practice, monitoring is primarily based on clinical response rather than routine blood tests, as post-treatment serum B12 measurements can be misleadingly high and may not reflect tissue levels
Many of the extrinsic factors that impact oligodendrocyte function [e.g., pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS)] are the products of other glial cells and will be discussed in more detail subsequently
Patients interested in fat loss, insulin resistance, or metabolic health should start with a medical review
(e.g., in liver, kidney, fish, eggs, butter) Transport: via transport proteins (in the form of retinol) Cellular retinoic acid-binding (CRAB) protein: selectively binds retinoic acid Retinol-binding protein: retinol transport vehicle in serum Storage In hepatic cells