Other indications include malabsorption disorders (such as Crohn's disease or coeliac disease), following gastric surgery, strict vegan diets without supplementation, and certain medications that interfere with B12 absorption
There are four main types of vitamin B12methylcobalamin, adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and cyanocobalamineach offering unique benefits and varying levels of bioavailability
"Nascobal (Cyanocobalamin, USP) Nasal Spray 500 mcg/spray 0.125 mL Rx only" (PDF)
B12 absorption is regulated through intrinsic factor, which is produced by gastric parietal cells in the stomach, with the B12-intrinsic factor complex being absorbed in the terminal ileum
Provides vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, which are especially important for healthy laying hens