Vitamins B1, B6, and B12 are water-soluble, and as such, when absorbed into the body, they are excreted via the kidneys
These specific aminoacids are combined to promote the production of nitric oxide, an important chemical which is involved in many of our biological functions
Peptides are generally broken down in the gut before they can reach the bloodstream
injection site reactions
The total human evidence base, as of this writing, consists of the following: 1) a Phase I safety trial of 42 healthy volunteers that was registered in 2015, canceled in 2016, and never published, 2) a retrospective case series of 12 patients with knee pain, no control group, and no validated outcome measure, and 3) a 2025 pilot safety study involving two healthy adults who received intravenous infusions at a single private clinic in Florida