In addition, we previously showed that upon inhibition of glutamine, cancer cells reduce the amount of GSH by exporting oxidized glutathione (GSSG) out of the cell via GSSG transporters and multiple-drug resistance-associated proteins 57 and by extracellular degradation of GSSG 58
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 95 (1), 93100
The Glutathione Bioavailability Problem Most Stacks Get Wrong Here's the blunt truth: oral glutathione supplementation faces a massive absorption barrier that most supplement formulations fail to overcome
Previously, S-palmitoylation of peripheral membrane proteins (PMPs), including G subunits, was shown to occur exclusively at the Golgi, with the palmitoylated proteins subsequently transported to the PM 12
Equal amounts of protein were resolved on SDS-polyacrylamide gel, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane (Amersham Biosciences, Milan, Italy), and then treated with the following primary antibodies: anti-Atg5 rabbit monoclonal (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-Atg7 rabbit monoclonal (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-LC3A/B rabbit monoclonal (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-SQSTM1/p62 rabbit monoclonal (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-Beclin-1 rabbit monoclonal (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-Phospho-S6 Ribosomal Protein rabbit monoclonal (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-S6 Ribosomal Protein mouse monoclonal (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-Phospho-AMPK rabbit monoclonal (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-AMPK mouse polyclonal (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-Cyclin D1 (Dako, Milan, Italy)
