paratuberculosis (MAP), primarily invades the distal ileum via M cells, persists in macrophages through intracellular immune evasion, and results in granuloma formation, villus atrophy, mucosal thickening, and barrier dysfunction, ultimately leading to chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and reduced milk production 1,77,78
But people with a vitamin B-12 deficiency are usually treated with 500 mcg or more of vitamin B-12
This means, those with plant based diets, such as vegans, are at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency if they dont eat the right foods
Has FTPP been tested in humans
Among these latter, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, in the absence of alcohol abuse or other steatogenic factors, is one of the most prevalent