By 5 mg, the sustained signal approaches the peak produced by a large meal. In diabetes trials, every dose improved insulin sensitivity while reducing the amount of insulin needed. GIP also activates an anti-nausea circuit in the brainstem, which helps offset some of the gastrointestinal burden created by GLP-1. GLP-1R: appetite, tolerability, and heart rate The GLP-1 arm carries appetite suppression, slower stomach emptying, most nausea, and part of the heart-rate signal
For people with histories of emotional neglect, bullying, trauma, or chronic criticism, the longing for a different body can become intertwined with a much deeper longing for safety, belonging, and acceptance
& Gibson, T
But more often than not, KP improves with age
Walker MH, Tobler KJ