Each has a different pharmacology, side-effect profile, and regulatory status
While healthy fat tissue contains beneficial immune cells, excess weight transforms it into an inflammatory factory, releasing pro-inflammatory mediators like TNF-, IL-6, and free fatty acids
Patients who report decreased motivation following periods of increased pleasure-seeking may be experiencing dopamine-mediated effects rather than primary mood disorders
This includes people with: Pernicious anaemia (autoimmune destruction of intrinsic factor-producing cells), typically requiring lifelong IM injections Crohn's disease or surgical resection affecting the terminal ileum Coeliac disease causing malabsorption (may improve with gluten-free diet) Chronic pancreatitis reducing enzyme availability needed for B12 release Vegans and strict vegetarians need reliable B12 sources through fortified foods or supplements, as plant-based diets contain negligible amounts of active B12
The goal is to provide a cautionary, evidence-based perspective for both curious patients and physicians