Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate All study participants provided written informed consent prior enrolment
subtilis , Fur-regulated flavodoxins YkuNOP are expressed upon iron starvation and are also likely to replace another Fur-regulated enzyme involved in energy metabolism, ferredoxin
However, given that previous demonstrations of longevity resulting from disruption of this pathway occurred either at conception or in young adulthood 6,7,17,18,19 , along with the reported importance of low exposure to GH (and IGF-1) signals early in life on longevity and related outcomes 20,21 , whether benefits can be achieved by targeting this pathway later in life is unclear
[111] 2003 reported three affected siblings in a consanguineous family presenting with early onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, truncal hypotonia, feeding difficulties, growth retardation, and early death within the first year of life
Future studies should prioritize early PsA populations, ideally using stratified designs that incorporate metabolic profiling, to fully elucidate the dual immunomodulatory and metabolic potential of GLP-1RAs in altering disease trajectory