B vitamins are enzyme cofactors that play an important role in energy metabolism
In addition to impairing insulin signaling, adipocyte derived FAs can also impact gluconeogenesis in the liver, where a hallmark of T2D is the loss of the inverse relationship between gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis
The brain is one of the most impacted organs from NAD deficiency
When B12 levels are low, the signs can be varied: Anemia: fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and dizziness Fatigue: a deep-seated weariness that doesn't improve with rest Nerve Damage: tingling or numbness in hands and feet, balance problems, and memory loss (seek medical advice promptly) Mood Disturbances: depression, irritability, and personality changes Who Is Most at Risk for B12 Deficiency
However, receiving shots too frequently can sometimes cause: Mild bruising or soreness at the injection site