However, excessive or sustained mitochondrial damage triggers pathological overactivation of mitophagy, contributing to cell death and tissue injury ( FIGURE 1 During AKI, dysfunctional mitochondria can induce the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator 1 (PGC-1), which facilitates mitochondrial biogenesis and supports the maintenance of mitochondrial structure, function, and quantity
The gut microbiome and homocysteine: A number of recent studies have noted that high homocysteine levels go together with changes to the gut microbiome
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Cominetti C, de Bortoli MC, Garrido AB Jr, Cozzolino SM
The FDA approved the Wegovy pill (oral semaglutide) in December 2025