Oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) must be taken on an empty stomach upon waking with a small sip of water, waiting at least 30 minutes before eating
FIGURE 2 This oxidative stress environment can activate immune signalling pathways promoting neuroinflammation through mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy, as observed in recent studies on ASD brains (Pinto Payares et al., 2024)

Benefits Epithalon is believed to help with: Telomere & cellular support: Epithalon has been shown to activate telomerase, extend telomeres, reduce chromosomal aberrations, and improve markers of DNA stability in cell and animal models, with some human data suggesting mortality reduction in older cohorts. Better sleep and circadian balance: Studies show Epithalon and related pineal peptides can restore nighttime melatonin release and normalize circadian rhythms in elderly humans and animals, which may improve sleep depth, energy, and hormonal balance. Multihallmark aging impact: Research suggests Epithalon influences oxidative stress resistance, immune function, neuroendocrine balance, and gene expression linked to longevity, making it a broad geroprotective candidate rather than a singlepathway tool. Structured, cyclical use: At Better Med Spa, Epithalon is used in short cycles with clear start/stop dates, labs when appropriate, and integration into sleep, nutrition, and stress protocols rather than as an indefinite, unsupervised supplement.

S2CID 12501700
10.1021/ac010713f 147 DoddsJ