These include prodrug strategies, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, conjugation with different polymers (e.g., PEG), encapsulation with the use of metalorganic frameworks, targeted delivery using ligand conjugation (e.g., peptides and antibodies), or manufacture of inhalable devices (e.g., intranasal administration)
Major market drivers include aging demographics and professional skincare recommendations, while formulation stability challenges and regulatory variations across regions present hurdles
10.1186/s13046-019-1130-2 J
Over time, your brain adapts by down-regulating its own natural production and sensitivity to these chemicals, requiring you to consume more of the stimulant just to reach your normal baseline
doi: 10.1038/srep20169 (2016)