Int J Mol Sci 21(23):9271 Harrell CR et al (2023) The molecular mechanisms responsible for tear hyperosmolarity-induced pathological changes in the eyes of dry eye disease patients
As the pipeline of GLP-1 based medications expands, monitoring for dry mouth will likely become a standard part of side effect management across the entire class
Robin LM, Oliveira da Cruz J, Langlais VC, Martin-Fernandez M, Metna-Laurent M, Busquets-Garcia A, et al
Lets dive into the science behind why staying hydrated is a game-changer for your weight loss success
risk is low with Ozempic alone Fatigue and dizziness : reported by some patients Rare but serious effects : pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and potential thyroid effects (thyroid C-cell tumours have been observed in animal studies, though human relevance remains uncertain) Common side effects of Topamax include: Cognitive and psychiatric effects : difficulty concentrating, memory problems, confusion, mood changes, and depression Paraesthesia : tingling sensations, particularly in the hands and feet Taste alterations : particularly affecting carbonated beverages Weight loss and decreased appetite Metabolic acidosis : due to carbonic anhydrase inhibition Kidney stones : increased risk, particularly with inadequate hydration Visual disturbances : acute myopia and secondary angle-closure glaucoma (rare but serious) When combining these medications, particular attention should be paid to: Cumulative gastrointestinal effects : The combination may lead to more pronounced nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea, potentially causing dehydration and electrolyte imbalance Dehydration risk : Both medications can contribute to fluid lossOzempic through gastrointestinal effects and Topamax through reduced fluid intake (due to taste changes) and increased kidney stone risk
