pylori intragastric administration, the mice were fed regular drinking water containing -KG for 16 months, which was designated as the -KG supplementation group
Citation112,Citation114,Citation118 Citation120 Therefore, oxidants will overwhelm cellular antioxidant systems, leading to mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening Citation121,Citation122 and mitochondrial dysfunction that are concurrent with extensive oxidative damage to proteins, DNA, and lipids Citation123 Citation127 ( Citation128 Citation131 and eventually lead to insulin resistance, Citation132 Citation135 -cell insulin deficiency, Citation136 Citation138 and global cell death and tissue dysfunction
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Lifestyle choices, skin type, pigmentation intensity, and the underlying reason for dark circles are all important factors
