Fluid and electrolyte disturbances: Sodium retention Fluid retention Congestive heart failure in susceptible patients Potassium loss Hypokalemic alkalosis Hypertension Musculoskeletal: Muscle weakness Steroid myopathy Loss of muscle mass Osteoporosis Vertebral compression fractures Aseptic necrosis of femoral and humeral heads Pathologic fracture of long bones Gastrointestinal: Peptic ulcer with possible subsequent perforation and hemorrhage Pancreatitis Abdominal distention Ulcerative esophagitis Dermatological: Impaired wound healing Thin fragile skin Facial erythema Increased sweating May suppress reactions to skin tests Petechiae and ecchymoses Neurological: Convulsions Increased intracranial pressure with papilledema (pseudotumor cerebri) usually after treatment Vertigo Headache Ophthalmic: Posterior subcapsular cataracts Increased intraocular pressure Glaucoma Endocrine: Menstrual irregularities Development of cushingoid state Suppression of growth in children Secondary adrenocortical and pituitary unresponsiveness, particularly in times of stress, as in trauma, surgery, or illness Decreased carbohydrate tolerance Manifestations of latent diabetes mellitus Increased requirements for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetics Metabolic: Negative nitrogen balance due to protein catabolism Miscellaneous: Hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation Subcutaneous and cutaneous atrophy Sterile abscess Postinjection flare following intra-articular use Charcot-like arthropathy Itching, burning, tingling in the ano-genital region A
1 Introduction Dementia has emerged as a predominant contributor to disability in the global population aged 65 years and older (GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators, 2022), with China bearing a significant burden, as evidenced by the estimated 15.07 million dementia cases among individuals aged 60 and above, representing approximately 25.5% of the global dementia population (Jia et al., 2020)
Fact: Skin renewal takes 48 weeks
Controlled endocrine investigations demonstrate stable cortisol or corticosterone concentrations despite measurable growth hormone pulses, supporting limited hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis engagement in experimental models
DIABETES PREVENTION AND REVERSAL Address the Underlying Cause
