While GHK-Cu is a cosmetic ingredient, no formal safety data exists for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding
YL: Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing original draft, Writing review & editing
the evidence is still developing
In the aerobic pathway, PA is transformed to protocatechuate 35,36 through cis -4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxyphthalate in Gram-negative bacterium or cis -3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxyphthalate and 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate in Gram-positive bacterium 35
Sourcing and quality considerations The peptide market is unregulated, and quality varies enormously between suppliers