The administration of flavonoids to diabetic animals boosts the antioxidant potential of -cells by increasing both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, consequently limiting ROS generation and lipid peroxidation in -cells and protecting them against autophagy, apoptosis, or necroptosis (73, 74)
It ebbed and reappeared again around week four, which makes sense from what we know of tirzepatides half-life (of approximately five days), as it takes roughly four to five weeks of regular dosing to reach a steady state in the body where drug levels stabilise at a consistently higher baseline than in the early weeks
The difference between the two classes is less impressive for the kidney outcome
Studies Linking GLP-1 Medications to NAION Several peer-reviewed studies have confirmed an increased risk of NAION in patients taking GLP-1 drugs: Harvard Medical School & Mass General Brigham Study (JAMA Ophthalmology, 2024) 9% of diabetic patients taking semaglutide developed NAION, compared to 1.8% on other diabetes drugs (a 4-fold increased risk)
Periacinar stellate shaped cells in rat pancreas: identification, isolation, and culture
