While current studies have delineated the core roles of ferroptosis (via the System Xc GSHGPX4 axis, iron overload, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction) and identified antioxidant networks (Nrf2/Sirtuins/FTH1) as therapeutic targets in DN, several critical research gaps persist that hinder a comprehensive understanding of ferroptosis-driven DN progression and translational application
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For example, nanomaterials for hepatic applications must be engineered to withstand the livers high vascularity and robust immune surveillance, ensuring accurate delivery and minimizing immunogenicity [241]
Made from three amino acids, glutamine, cysteine, and glycine, glutathione plays a crucial role in protecting cells from damage and supporting your bodys detoxification processes