The second stage is identified with unconditional cell growth, deformation of tissue structure, and inflammation
At temperatures above 20C for weeks or months, even lyophilized peptides can experience measurable degradation
The underlying mechanism is likely through secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) which activate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-autonomic nervous system axes, trigger the release of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol, which consequently affect gut homeostasis (Qin et al., 2014)
In summary: Zn directly affects the survival of primitive neurons by interfering with key intracellular processes and pathways such as transcription factors, glucocorticoids and the p53 system
IV use: In IV regimens designed with athletic performance and recovery in mind, L-Taurine is a popular choice