Introduction Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent and debilitating gastrointestinal condition characterized by recurrent flare-ups of symptoms such as increased central pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation ( Post-viral gastroenteritis, pre-morbid psychological disorders, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis mediate a maladaptive stress response, which is essential for the onset, intensity, and persistence of IBS-associated symptoms ( The Rome IV diagnostic criteria are currently used to diagnose IBS, which is divided into four subgroups based on bowel habits, bowel function, and stool consistency: constipation dominant (IBS-C), diarrhea dominant (IBS-D), mixed (IBS-M), and unclassified/unspecified IBS (IBS-U) ( Following food consumption, the metabolic endocrine cascade begins with gastric emptying
Cells were fixed and permeabilized using the CytoFast Fix/Perm kit (Biolegend) per manufacturers instructions
10.1038/s41392-023-01619-w 175 ZhaoX.FritscheJ.WangJ.ChenJ.RittigK.Schmitt-KopplinP.et al (2010)
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Notably, the direction of lipolytic modulation may depend on the metabolic context and experimental setting: in insulin-resistant states, semaglutide can improve insulin-mediated suppression of pathological basal lipolysis, while in mechanistic in vitro systems it may enhance stimulated lipid mobilization coupled to increased fatty acid oxidation and downstream metabolic remodeling
