fda warning letter hims compounded semaglutide september 2025 "semaglutide" is not FDA-approved FDA Moves to Restrict Mass-Marketed

El-Sahli, S

the Independent Research Fund Denmark, grant ID: 0134-00454B (G.M.K.)

The synergistic effects of these agents on monoaminergic modulation, neurotrophic signaling, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress management, and stress-response mechanisms provide a compelling mechanistic foundation for their therapeutic significance in the treatment of depressive disorders

Because receptors for GLP-1 are expressed in brain regions like the hippocampus, which is crucial for memory and learning, GLP-1s may directly enhance cognitive function by promoting neurogenesis (the process by which new neurons are formed in the brain) and reducing damage to brain cells

Ramezanpour M, Matboo M, Hejazi EM