GHK-Cu increases decorin levels by 302% at 1 nanomolar concentration, which is significant because collagen produced without adequate decorin organization forms disordered, weaker tissue
Glutathione is a tripeptide, meaning it is composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine
During the oxidation phase, accumulated ROS (such as hydrogen peroxide HO and superoxide anion O) in the cell can directly react with GSH in a non-enzymatic manner, or, under the catalysis of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), promote the oxidative coupling of two GSH molecules to form one molecule of GSSG, while releasing two protons (H) and two electrons (e)
Sim HJ, Cho C, Kim HE, Hong JY, Song EK, Kwon KY, et al
Expression and purification of recombinant ghk tripeptides are able to protect against acute cardiotoxicity from exposure to waterborne-copper in zebrafish