GLP-1RA inhibit endothelial cell dysfunction while attenuating abnormal migration, proliferation, and apoptosis in VSMCs
RAAS inhibitors remain foundational, especially for albuminuric CKD, while GLP-1RAs offer modest albuminuria reduction and strong cardiovascular benefit, but less direct renal protection compared to SGLT2is [123]
Lesions of area postrema and subfornical organ alter exendin-4-induced brain activation without preventing the hypophagic effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist
Prospective, randomized trials are clearly needed before changing clinical practice
Its a lower-dose, medically supervised version designed for those who may not meet strict BMI criteria but still struggle with: Appetite regulation or emotional eating Weight thats resistant to lifestyle changes Hormonal or metabolic changes in perimenopause and menopause The focus isnt on drastic change, its about gentle regulation, stability, and hormonal balance