Direct and indirect effects of obesity on the kidney
Chance B, Sies H, Boveris A
Foods to prioritise for their fibre content and overall nutritional value include: Whole grains : Oats, barley, quinoa, brown rice, wholemeal bread, and whole-wheat pasta provide sustained energy and both types of fibre Legumes : Lentils, chickpeas, black beans, and kidney beans offer protein alongside substantial fibre content Vegetables : Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, carrots, sweet potatoes, and leafy greens supply vitamins, minerals, and fibre Fruits : Berries, apples (with skin), pears, oranges, and kiwi fruit provide soluble fibre and antioxidants Seeds and nuts : Chia seeds, flaxseeds, almonds, and walnuts offer healthy fats alongside fibre (keep to a small handful for portion control) Psyllium husk : A concentrated fibre supplement that can be added to smoothies or yoghurt (take with plenty of water and separate from other oral medicines by at least 2 hours) Foods to limit or avoid , particularly during the initial treatment phase or when experiencing digestive symptoms: Ultra-processed foods : These typically contain minimal fibre and may worsen blood glucose control High-fat, greasy foods : These can exacerbate nausea and slow digestion further, compounding GLP-1 effects Excessive simple sugars : Sweets, sugary drinks, and refined carbohydrates offer no fibre and may cause blood glucose fluctuations Alcohol : This can increase nausea risk and provides empty calories that may undermine weight management goals
doi: 10.1007/s11095-011-0500-z
You may not be able to take a GLP-1 medication if you have: A personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2) A history of anaphylaxis (serious allergic reaction) to GLP-1 medications A history of pancreatitis or gastric paresis You shouldnt take GLP-1s if youre pregnant or nursing
