Deficiency is common in those with fatigue, brain fog, or nutrient absorption issues, especially individuals with gastrointestinal conditions, vegans and vegetarians, or those taking medications like metformin or proton-pump inhibitors
For example, one study found that taking 1,0002,000 micrograms orally in properly timed doses helped improve levels as much as injections
A little-known advisory group to the US Food and Drug Administration met this week to mull over whether to ease restrictions on certain peptides
[2,9] This connection between gut-derived peptides and neurological function is an active area of investigation
Some patients, usually those with chronically low levels of B12, may notice results faster than this