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Your healthcare provider may recommend diagnostic evaluation, including upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) if you have alarm symptoms, refractory GERD despite optimized therapy, or risk factors for Barrett's esophagus (such as chronic GERD plus male sex, age over 50, White race, central obesity, tobacco history, or family history)
Benfotiamine is a synthetic, fat-soluble form of thiamine
Patients should limit foods high in added sugars, saturated fats, and ultra-processed ingredients
Subjects were excluded from l-carnitine or BB challenge testing if they were pregnant, had chronic illness (including a known history of heart failure, renal failure, pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disorders, or hematologic diseases), had an active infection, received antibiotics within 2 months of study enrollment, used any over-the-counter or prescription probiotic or bowel-cleansing preparation within the past 2 months, ingested yogurt within the past 7 days, or had undergone bariatric or other intestinal (e.g., bowel resection/reconstruction) surgery