Based on the results patients with Xx, Aa, and RR genotype predominance are more prone to melasma ( 3 Melasma pathophysiology As mentioned previously, the development of melasma can be affected and precipitated through the various factors including long-term sun-exposure and UV radiation, genetic predisposition, thyroid dysfunction, special drugs, oxidative stress, hormonal imbalance, and female gender especially the pregnant women and also those who are consuming oral contraceptives (OCPs) (Ortonne et al., 2009
Although not yet fully understood, the likely cause is the ionizing UV radiation spectrum of sunlight
Addition of SGLT2 inhibitor to GLP-1 agonist therapy in people with type 2 diabetes and suboptimal glycaemic control
Patients with pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, should discuss their condition with their healthcare provider before starting semaglutide
Transient nausea and mild gastric slowing are expected side effects that usually resolve within weeks