It uses ATP from mitochondria for this, and blocking P-gp with diltiazem brings back gemcitabines toxicity ( Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) also rises in resistant cells, and it can pump out gemcitabine and its deaminated form dFdU, so drug levels stay low inside cells
Feb 19 2021;22(4)doi:10.3390/ijms22042048 Qi X, Yun C, Sun L, et al
Some small human trials mostly in PBC and insulin resistance show encouraging results, while larger, more definitive studies are still missing.4 6 In other areas, like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and neuroprotection, the story is even less clear: despite promising preclinical data, a recent Phase 3 ALS trial failed to confirm meaningful benefit.23 24 To help make sense of this, weve summarized the potential benefits of TUDCA in the chart below
Serum -glutamyltransferase as Oxidative Stress Marker in Pre-and Postmenopausal Iraqi Women Bellanti F., et al
And so all of those things are important for thyroid hormone
