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Small peptides under roughly 1,000 Da can reach 10 to 40% relative bioavailability intranasally with optimal formulation
or glucagon like peptide 1/ AND reward/ or monetary reward/ or (food cue* or addiction* or cocaine or alcohol or smoking or substance use or reward* or substance abuse or marijuana or meth).mp AND stimulus/ or (stimul* or brain response*).mp
Although more recent GLP-1 RA initiators are healthier, they still have A1C values consistent with diabetes
Over the course of treatment, total drug exposure drives weight loss outcomes, not peak levels or absorption speed from individual injections