ROS are some of the most common oxidants in cells, containing oxygen free radicals, e.g., hydroxyl radical (HO), hydroperoxyl radical (ROO), singlet oxygen, superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) (Fig
Since the heart has no capacity to synthesize carnitine, the homeostasis of the blood carnitine pool is crucial for the heart
Thus, it is of great significance to identify the molecular mechanisms of LQC, and its relationship with the occurrence and development of clinical diseases
Brain Behav Immun 47:2434 Sorgdrager FJH et al (2019) Tryptophan metabolism in inflammaging: from biomarker to therapeutic target
Then, free choline is transported back by CHTs for further ACh synthesis ( 1.2 Choline demands throughout the lifespan and choline supplementation Choline is an essential nutrient throughout life, with particularly high demands during periods of rapid cell proliferation, such as pregnancy