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The increase in NAD + degradation and reduced NADP/NADPH ratio occurred as a result of oxidative stress due to altered mitochondrial electron transport chain [173, 174] and decreased expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase [175]

It has been demonstrated that under intense light stress, PSII primarily suffers damage due to the direct absorption of light by the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), leading to the release of manganese ions (Mn 2+ ) and the disruption of Mn 2+ clusters

Glutathione works closely together with vitamin C, which keeps glutathione in its reduced form so that it can continue to provide free radical-quenching effects [2-5]

Best Way to Detox #6: Detox with Glutathione Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that helps defend against toxins